Products Description
(I) Production process
1. Preparation of raw materials
Raw material selection: Use high purity titanium sponge to make titanium ingot by vacuum self-consumption arc melting (VAR) or cold-bed furnace melting (e.g. EBCHM), or continuous casting of titanium slabs.
Pre-treatment: Milling or grinding of the ingot surface to remove oxidised layer and defects to ensure a clean surface before rolling.
2. Heating process
Heating furnace: step or ring furnace, heating temperature is adjusted according to the type of alloy: 850-950°C
Protective measures: inert gas (e.g. argon) protection or coating (e.g. glass lubricant) to reduce oxidation.
Rapid heating to avoid excessive grain growth, control the oxygen content in the furnace <100 ppm.
3. Hot roll forming
Rough rolling: the heated slab is rolled through multiple passes (e.g. reversible mill), the thickness is reduced to 10-30mm, the process needs to be insulated (e.g. using a heat shield) to prevent the temperature from dropping too fast.
Finishing rolling: further rolling to the target thickness (0.5-6mm), using high-precision four-roll or six-roll mill, control the final rolling temperature (pure titanium ≥ 700°C, TC4 ≥ 800°C).
Process control: Distribution of deformation: single pass under pressure rate of about 30-50%, to avoid cracking.
Roll material: choose HSS or tungsten carbide rolls to reduce adhesive wear.
4. Controlled cooling and coiling
Cooling method: laminar flow cooling or air cooling, controlled cooling rate (e.g. pure titanium ≤ 50°C/s), to avoid residual stresses and phase changes (e.g. β → α' martensite).
Coiling temperature: about 500-600°C for pure titanium.
5. Surface treatment: Acid washing: HF+HNO₃ mixture to remove the oxide skin, pay attention to control the acid concentration (such as HF 2-5%) and time.
Sand blasting / alkaline washing: an environmentally friendly alternative to pickling, suitable for thin specification coils.
Annealing: recrystallisation annealing (pure titanium: 600-700°C, TC4: 700-800°C) in vacuum or protective atmosphere to eliminate work hardening.
Finishing: longitudinal slitting, straightening (tension straightener), surface inspection (eddy current or ultrasonic flaw detection).
6.Quality control: Performance testing: tensile test (strength, elongation), microstructure analysis (metallographic observation of α/β phase ratio).
(Ⅱ)Application: aerospace (skins, structural components), chemical (corrosion-resistant containers), medical (implant plates)
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